Anti-Mullerian hormone in short girls born small for gestational age and the effect of growth hormone treatment

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A.J. Lem1,2,*, V.H. Boonstra2, J.S. Renes2, P.E. Breukhoven2, F.H. de Jong3, J.S.E. Laven4 and A.C.S. Hokken-Koelega1,2

1Dutch Growth Research Foundation, P.O. Box 23068, 3001 KB Rotterdam, The Netherlands

2Division of Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands

3Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands

4Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands *Correspondence address. Tel: +31-10-22-515-33; Fax: +31-10-22-501-33; E-mail: a.lem{at}kindengroei.nlReceived October 8, 2010. Revision received November 18, 2010. Accepted December 14, 2010. Background Fetal growth restriction is thought to negatively influence reproductive function in later life. Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a marker of the primordial follicle pool. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of being born small for gestational age (SGA) on serum AMH levels and to investigate the effect of growth hormone (GH) treatment on serum AMH levels in short SGA girls.

METHODS Serum AMH levels were investigated in 246 prepubertal girls aged 3–10 years: 119 untreated short SGA and 127 healthy controls. Associations between AMH levels and clinical characteristics were analysed using multiple regression analyses. In addition, we investigated the effect of GH treatment on serum AMH levels in short SGA girls.

RESULTS Serum AMH levels were similar in short SGA and healthy control girls (P= 0.95). In short SGA girls, AMH levels were not significantly influenced by birth weight standard deviation score (SDS), birth length SDS and gestational age, even after adjustment for age, height SDS and body mass index (BMI) SDS at sampling, socio-economic status and maternal smoking during gestation. Serum AMH levels did not change during 4 years of GH treatment in short SGA girls (P= 0.43).

ConclusionS Serum AMH levels in prepubertal short SGA girls are similar to healthy controls, indicating that the follicle pool is not compromised due to SGA birth. GH treatment has no effect on AMH levels in short SGA girls.

© The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com This ArticleHum. Reprod. (2011) 26 (4): 898-903. doi: 10.1093/humrep/deq391 First published online: January 12, 2011

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